Theory of ernst kretschmer biography
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German psychiatrist, neurologist, psychopathologist and theorist of constitutional psychology.
Ernst Kretschmer (1888-1964) was born in Wüstenrot near Heilbronn, Kingdom of Württemberg, as the son of a country parson. He attended Cannstatt Gymnasium, one of the oldest Latin schools in Württemberg. Enrolled at Tübingen University in 1906, he initially read philosophy, history, literature and art history but changed to medicine at the universities of Munich and Hamburg one year later. He completed his residency in Tübingen as an assistant to Robert Gaupp, who also supervised Kretschmer’s 1914 doctoral thesis, Wahnbildung und manisch-depressiver Symptomkomplex (Development of Delusion and Manic-Depressive Symptom Complex). During WWI, he worked at the neurological department of a reserve military hospital in Bad Mergentheim. His treatment of traumatised soldiers included the use of suggestion, electricity and darkroom isolation. In 1917, he voiced the controversial opinion that his patients’ symptoms were often induced by their own desires and intentions (cf. Müller 2007: 389; Fischer-Homberger 1971).
Kretschmer married his wife, Marie Luise Elisabeth Pregizer, on 4 October 1915 The couple had four children. Their sons, Ernst Wolfgang Kretschmer (born 1918) and
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Ernst Kretschmer
Ernst Kretschmer is remembered for his correlation of build and physical constitution with personality characteristics and mental illness.
He studied both philosophy and medicine at the University of Tübingen, where he remained as assistant in the neurological clinic after completing his studies in 1913. The next year he published his dissertation on manic-depressive delusions, anticipating his later work in mental illness. He studied hysteria while a military physician during World War I, and developed a treatment in which victims of battle were quieted in dark chambers and treated with electrical impulses.
After the war, Kretschmer returned to Tübingen as a lecturer and began writing books containing his psychological theories. His best known work, Körperbau und Charakter (1921), advanced the theory that certain mental disorders were more common among people of specific physical types.
Kretschmer was habilitated for psychiatry and neurology in Tübingen, and in 1923 became professor extraordinary. He left Tübingen in 1926, when he became professor of psychiatry and neurology at the University of Marburg. During this period, he produced Hysterie, Reflex und Instinkt (1923), in which he suggested that the formation of symptoms in hysteria is initially
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Health
- Nationality
- German
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- psychiatrist
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